Modern Numismatics
Modern numismatics involves the study of coins from the 17th to the 21st century.
This period correspond to the time when coins were struck.
Their study serves the needs of collectors more than those of historical studies and it is a study often pursued by amateur collectors.
The focus lies more often on the research of production and use of money in historical contexts using mint records or other records in order to determine the relative rarity of the coins as they existed at the time of minting.
Mint-made errors, results of progressive die wear, mintage figures and varieties of coins are also interesting in this field of study.